What Does an Engineer Do? Responsibilities and Salaries

The role of engineers is an integral part of our everyday lives. Whether it is planning buildings, developing new machines or optimising production processes — engineers are at work wherever technology plays a role. But what exactly does an engineer do?

This article will give you a deep insight into the job and also cover topics such as salary, day-to-day work and career opportunities in detail.

What Does an Engineer Do?

An engineer is a highly qualified technical specialist who develops technical solutions in various areas, from research and development to the production and monitoring of systems and processes.

The job of an engineer is extremely diverse. Basically, an engineer is engaged in the development, construction and improvement of technical products and systems. These can be bridges, vehicles, electronic devices, software programs or even entire industrial plants.

Engineers often work at the interface between theory and practice by translating scientific findings into functional and economic solutions. Their main task is to find and implement innovative and sustainable solutions based on scientific and technical findings.

Typical tasks of an engineer:

• Project planning: One of the core tasks of an engineer is the detailed planning of projects. The technical requirements, time frames, costs and success criteria are defined. Every planning process requires a deep understanding of the underlying technical principles as well as a high level of organizational skills.
• Design and development: Engineers are responsible for developing designs. This includes the selection of materials, the calculation of statics and the preparation of construction plans. With modern CAD programs (computer-aided design), engineers create detailed technical drawings that are used in manufacturing.
• Research and Innovation: Many engineers are involved in research and work on development of innovative technologies and processes. This can be done in collaboration with universities, research institutes or in industry. The aim is to improve existing processes or to find completely new solutions.
• Quality control and testing: Engineers carry out extensive testing to ensure that their designs meet requirements. This includes both checking the quality of materials and ensuring functionality under real conditions.
• Project management and team leadership: Engineers often take over the management of projects and are responsible for coordinating teams, meeting schedules and budgets, and communicating with customers and clients. In this role, they must use both technical and interpersonal skills.
• Advice and customer service: Engineers are often in direct contact with customers to understand their requirements and develop appropriate technical solutions. They consult customers on technical issues and support the implementation of their projects.

In all of these fields of activity, the engineer is characterized by his ability to solve complex technical problems and find innovative solutions.

The Various Engineering Professions

Engineering is a profession, but at the same time an umbrella term for numerous specializations and fields of study. Each of these disciplines is focused on a specific area of technology or industry and requires specific knowledge and skills.

Process Engineering

Process engineering is a central area of engineering that deals with the development, optimization and monitoring of industrial processes. As a process engineer, you are responsible for turning raw materials into valuable products — whether in the chemical industry, food production, pharmacy or energy generation.

Tasks of a Process Engineer

The main task of a process engineer is to design and control industrial processes that involve physical or chemical transformations. This includes the development and optimization of plants in which these processes run, as well as ensuring efficient and environmentally friendly production. Your daily tasks could include:

• Process development: Design and plan processes for manufacturing products, including choosing the right technologies and materials.
• Plant planning: Design and dimensioning of systems that are necessary for process implementation. This can include the planning of reactors, distillation columns, pumps, and heat exchangers.
• Process simulation: Using simulation software to model and optimize processes. You analyse various scenarios to ensure the best possible efficiency and safety.
• Monitoring and optimization: Continuous monitoring of equipment and processes to ensure that they operate smoothly and efficiently. If necessary, make adjustments to improve performance or fix problems.
• Quality Assurance and Safety: Ensuring that all processes meet the required quality and safety standards. This includes compliance with environmental regulations.

Areas of Application

Process engineers find employment in a wide range of industries, particularly in:

• Chemical and pharmaceutical industries: Here, you are responsible for developing and optimizing processes that lead to the production of chemicals, drugs and other products.
• Food industry: In food production, you ensure that the processes for processing raw materials into ready-to-eat products are efficient and safe.
• Energy and environmental technology: Process engineers play a key role in the development of technologies for energy generation and storage, as well as in wastewater treatment and waste recycling.
• Oil and gas industry: Here, you are involved in refining crude oil and producing fuels and petrochemical products.

Civil Engineering

Civil engineers plan, construct and supervise construction projects such as buildings, bridges, roads, and tunnels. They are responsible for the safety and stability of buildings and must ensure that all building regulations are met.

Typical tasks of a civil engineer:

• Planning and calculation of buildings
• Selection of suitable building materials
• Construction monitoring and quality control
• Collaboration with architects, construction companies and authorities

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineers develop and construct machines and systems that are used in industry and in everyday life. These include production machines, vehicles, robots and household appliances.

Typical tasks of a mechanical engineer:

• Development and optimization of machines and drives
• Carrying out simulations and tests
• Maintenance and repair of machines and systems
• Development of automation solutions

Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineers are engaged in the development and maintenance of electrical systems and devices. Her responsibilities range from power supply and automation technology to the development of electronic circuits and controls.

Typical tasks of an electrical engineer:

• Planning and development of electrical systems
• Implementation of control systems
• Power grid monitoring and maintenance
• Research and development in the area of renewable energy

Informatics

Computer scientists specialize in the development of software solutions and IT systems. They work on programming software, managing networks, or developing artificial intelligence algorithms.

Typical tasks of a computer science engineer:

• Software development and programming
• Network Management and IT Security
• Development of databases and information systems
• Research in the area of artificial intelligence and big data

Environmental Technology

Environmental engineers are working on solutions to protect the environment and develop sustainable technologies. They work in areas such as water treatment, waste management, and renewable energy.

Typical tasks of an environmental engineer:

• Development of recycling and waste treatment plants
• Planning of water treatment plants
• Advice on issues of environmental protection and sustainability
• Research on environmentally friendly technologies

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineers combine technical knowledge with business know-how. They optimize production processes and ensure that technical developments are also economically viable.

Typical tasks of an industrial engineer:

• Analysis and optimization of production processes
• Cost-benefit analysis of projects
• Project Management and Management
• Development of marketing strategies for technical products

Other Engineering Disciplines

In addition to the main areas mentioned above, there are numerous other specializations in engineering, including:

• Medical technology: Development of devices and systems for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
• Aerospace technology: Design and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft.
• Automotive technology: Development of vehicles and their powertrains.

Each of these disciplines has its own requirements and specializations, and choosing the right direction depends on your personal interests and abilities.

The Daily Work of an Engineer

The day-to-day work of an engineer can vary significantly depending on the industry and specialization. While some engineers spend most of their time in offices working on computers, others can often be found on construction sites, in production halls, or research laboratories.

Typical work processes:

• In the morning: Engineers often start their day by reviewing project plans, emails, and coordinating tasks with their team. Meetings with colleagues or customers are also common.
• In the morning: Time for actual engineering work. This can include creating designs, calculations, or carrying out tests.
• At noon: Engineers often use the lunch break for informal discussions with colleagues to exchange ideas or discuss the progress of projects.
• In the afternoon: Continuing work on projects, carrying out simulations, or meetings with customers and partners. Engineers also monitor compliance with schedules and budgets.
• In the evening: Conclusion of the working day with a summary of what has been achieved and plans for the next day.

An engineer must be flexible and adaptable, as unexpected problems or changes to the project plan are common. The ability to work under pressure and find solutions quickly is therefore essential.

What Does an Engineer Earn?

The salary of an engineer depends on many factors, including your chosen specialization, professional experience, region and the company you work for. However, it is generally above average. Here is some general information about the salary of engineers.

Starting Salaries

The entry-level salary of an engineer varies depending on the degree and subject area.

With a bachelor's degree: On average, as a career starter, you can expect a salary of around 43,000 euros per year.

With master's degree: With a master's degree, the starting salary is on average around 48,000 euros per year.

With promotion: If you have completed a doctorate, your starting salary is around 58,000 euros per year, which is usually associated with higher requirements and responsibilities.

Salary Development With Professional Experience

As you gain professional experience, so does your salary. An engineer with five to ten years of professional experience earns an average of around 60,000 to 75,000 euros per year. In management positions or as specialists in a specific niche, engineers can also earn well over 100,000 euros per year.

Factors that influence salary:

• Company size: Large corporations generally pay higher salaries than small companies.
• Region: Salaries are often higher in metropolitan areas or economically strong regions.
• Sector: In industries such as aerospace, automotive and IT, the salary level is often above average.

How Do You Become an Engineer? Requirements and Abilities

The path to becoming an engineer is demanding but rewarding. There are various educational paths and requirements that you should consider if you want to pursue a career in this area.

School Requirements

In order to start studying engineering, you usually need the Abitur or the Fachhochschulreife. The exact requirement depends on the university you would like to study at.

Important school subjects:

• Math: Math skills are essential for all engineering disciplines. Algebra, geometry, trigonometry and calculus are an integral part of the course.
• Physics: A good understanding of physics is particularly necessary in areas such as mechanical, electrical and civil engineering.
• Chemistry: Chemical knowledge is essential for engineering disciplines such as chemical engineering and environmental technology.
• Informatics: Basic knowledge of computer science is particularly advantageous in the area of software development and information technology.

Personal and Professional Skills

In addition to the school requirements, certain personal and professional skills are necessary to be successful in the engineering profession. An engineer needs strong skills in mathematics and computer science, but also knowledge of economics and management in order to plan and implement projects efficiently. In addition, soft skills such as teamwork, communication and creativity are important to be successful in an increasingly international and digital working environment.

Key Skills:

• Analytical thinking: Engineers must be able to analyze complex problems and develop solutions.
• Technical understanding: A basic understanding of technical relationships and mechanisms is essential.
• Creativity: Engineers develop new products and processes and need creative approaches to do so.
• Ability to work in a team: Engineers often work in interdisciplinary teams and must be able to work well with others.
• Communication skills: You must be able to communicate your ideas and concepts clearly and comprehensibly, whether to colleagues, customers, or other stakeholders.
• Resilience: Engineering projects can be stressful, particularly when deadlines are approaching or unexpected issues arise. The ability to work under pressure is therefore important.

Study and Education

The job title “engineer” is protected and in order to use this title, you have to successfully complete a degree in an engineering discipline. Studying engineering is therefore the most common way to become an engineer in Germany. However, there are also other training paths, especially in combination with vocational training.

Bachelor's degree: A typical engineering degree starts with a bachelor's degree, which usually lasts six to seven semesters. The course covers basic and subject-specific content, from mathematics and physics to specific disciplines such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering or civil engineering.

Master's degree: After the bachelor's degree, you can add a master's degree, which usually lasts four semesters. A master's degree gives you the opportunity to specialize in a specific subject area and increases your career opportunities.

Dual study program: Alternatively, you can choose a dual course of study that combines theory and practice. Here you work in a company and study at a university at the same time. This gives you the opportunity to gain practical experience and build up a network while you are still studying.

Vocational education: In some cases, you can also become an engineer through vocational training and subsequent further education. This is particularly possible in technical-craft occupations, where professional experience is supplemented by continuing education as a state-certified technician or a similar qualification.

Continuing education: Even after graduation, engineers have numerous opportunities for continuing education in order to stay up to date with the latest technology or to specialize in new subject areas. This includes seminars, workshops, certificate courses and, in some cases, a part-time master's degree.

Where Does an Engineer Work?

With us, of course! But joking aside: Engineers are in demand in almost all industries. Your work environment varies greatly depending on specialization and industry, from offices to construction sites to production halls and research laboratories.

Are you currently looking for a job? Feel free to have a look our job advertisements on. We're regularly looking for engineers just like you!

Work Environments

An engineer's work environment depends heavily on their specialization. Here are a few typical work locations:

• Offices: Many engineers work in offices, where they create project plans, carry out calculations, and draw designs. They often use specialized software to create models or carry out simulations.
• Construction sites: Civil engineers and some mechanical engineers spend part of their working time on construction sites. Here, they monitor construction progress, check compliance with building regulations and ensure that work goes according to plan.
• Manufacturing sites: Mechanical or electrical engineers often work in production facilities, where they monitor, maintain or further develop machines and systems. They work closely with the production team to ensure that plants run efficiently and safely.
• Research laboratories: Engineers working in research often work in laboratories, where they develop and test new materials, processes or technologies. This work requires close collaboration with scientists and technicians.
• Universities and research institutions: Some engineers work in academic research and teaching. They teach students, conduct research and publish scientific papers. These engineers are often also active in the development of new technologies or methods.

Typical Industries

Engineers are represented in almost all industries. Here are a few of the most important ones:

• Automotive industry: In the automotive industry, engineers work to develop and optimize vehicles, engines and production processes.
• Construction and real estate sector: Civil engineers plan and supervise construction projects, while industrial engineers work to optimize construction processes and costs.
• Energy and environmental technology: Engineers in this sector are working to develop sustainable energy solutions, optimize energy efficiency, and develop systems for waste recycling and treatment.
• Mechanical engineering: Mechanical engineers develop machines and production systems that are used in numerous industries.
• Electrical engineering and electronics: These engineers design electrical systems and devices, from home appliances to industrial control systems.
• IT and telecommunications: Computer engineers and electrical engineers work in the IT and telecommunications industries to develop software, networks and communication systems.
• Medical technology: Engineers in medical technology develop devices and systems for diagnosing and treating diseases, such as MRI devices, pacemakers or surgical instruments.
• Robotics or aerospace engineering: Engineers in robotics develop and program autonomous systems and robots that are used in various industries and applications. In aerospace engineering, they design, test and improve airplanes, satellites and spacecraft to ensure safe and efficient aerospace technologies.

Each of these industries has its own requirements and offers different career paths and development opportunities.

Career Opportunities and Specializations

The engineering profession offers a wide range of career opportunities and specialization options. Depending on your interests and abilities, you can develop and specialize in various directions.

Career Opportunities

With increasing professional experience and continuing education, engineers have numerous career opportunities:

• Team leader: With a few years of professional experience, you can take on the management of a team and thus have more responsibility. In addition to technical knowledge, this position also requires leadership and communication skills.
• Project management: Engineers can grow into the role of project managers, where they have responsibility for planning, executing, and successfully completing projects. This requires a high level of organizational talent and the ability to effectively lead teams.
• Head of department: With advanced experience and possibly additional business education, engineers can also take on a department manager role. In this position, they are responsible for the strategic direction of an entire department and report directly to management.
• Management: Some engineers decide to set up their own companies or join the management team. In addition to technical knowledge, this also requires entrepreneurial thinking and management skills.

Specializations and Continuing Education Opportunities

Engineers have numerous opportunities for specialization and further training even after graduation. This is important in order to stay at the cutting edge of technology, to keep up with the constant technological changes, to develop further in certain areas and to position oneself successfully in the long term.

Possible specializations:

• Environmental protection and sustainability: Engineers can specialize in sustainable technologies and processes to reduce companies' environmental footprint.
• Artificial intelligence and data analysis: In the IT and telecommunications industry, specializing in artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data is a sought-after qualification.
• Automation and robotics: Mechanical engineers can specialize in developing automation and robotics solutions, which are becoming increasingly important in industry.
• Renewable energy: Electrical and environmental engineering engineers can focus on developing and implementing technologies for using renewable energy.

Continuing education opportunities:

• Certificate courses: Engineers can take specialized courses to gain or refresh specific skills. These courses are often offered by universities, professional associations or companies.
• Master's degree: A part-time master's degree offers the opportunity to further specialize and gain professional experience at the same time.
• Promotion: For engineers who are particularly interested in research and development, a doctorate offers the opportunity to dive deep into a specific topic and gain new insights.

Future Prospects for Engineers

The engineering profession is constantly changing. Technological progress and globalization are constantly opening up new challenges and opportunities. For you as an engineer, this means that your skills and knowledge will always be in demand, provided that you are prepared to continue learning and adapting.

Technological Developments

Technology plays a crucial role in the development of the engineering profession. Here are a few trends and developments that will shape the future for engineers:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation: AI and machine learning are revolutionizing numerous industries. As an engineer, you will work more and more with intelligent systems that are able to process large amounts of data, recognize patterns and make decisions independently. This also means that you will increasingly work with automated processes that increase efficiency and minimize human errors.
• Industry 4.0: The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, describes the increasing digitalization and networking in production. Smart factories, in which machines, systems and people are interconnected, are becoming more and more the standard. This requires engineers who are familiar with cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data analysis.
• Renewable energy and sustainability: The transition to renewable energy and the focus on sustainability are key issues for the future. Engineers will play a key role in these areas, whether in developing new technologies for energy generation, optimising energy systems, or designing sustainable processes and products.
• Medical technology and biotechnology: Medical progress and increasing demand for advanced treatment methods are driving developments in medical technology and biotechnology. Engineers will be highly sought after in the development of new medical devices, biotechnological processes, and healthcare solutions.
• Mobility of the future: The automotive industry is undergoing a transformation towards sustainable and autonomous mobility. Electric vehicles, autonomous driving and the integration of smart cities are trends that will significantly influence the engineering profession in this area.

Global Challenges

In addition to technological developments, global challenges also influence the engineering profession. At the same time, these challenges offer great opportunities:

• Climate change: Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our time. Engineers will make a decisive contribution to developing solutions for reducing CO2 emissions, adapting to changing climate conditions and protecting against natural disasters.
• Resource scarcity: The increasing scarcity of natural resources requires innovative approaches in resource conservation, recycling and the development of new materials. Engineers will be asked here to find sustainable alternatives and optimize production processes.
• Urbanization: Urbanization poses numerous challenges, such as developing sustainable cities, building efficient infrastructures and ensuring the quality of life in metropolitan areas. Engineers will work on planning and implementing these cities of the future.
• Globalization and Digitalization: Increasing networking and globalization are changing work processes and opening up new markets. Engineers must be able to work internationally, understand cultural differences and use digital tools effectively.

Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning

To be successful in a constantly changing environment, lifelong learning is essential for engineers. The willingness to continuously learn and stay up to date with the latest technology is crucial in order to meet the requirements of the future.

Continuing education opportunities:

• Online courses and MOOCs: These offer a flexible opportunity to learn new skills or deepen existing knowledge.
• Conferences and trade shows: These events provide insights into the latest developments and enable exchange with other experts.
• Part-time study programs: Another master's degree or specialized certificates can significantly improve your career opportunities.
• Technical literature and scientific publications: Regular study of journals and books helps to stay up to date.

By combining technological know-how, practical knowledge and continuous training, you can actively shape the future as an engineer.

Conclusion

The job of an engineer is as diverse and challenging as hardly any other. Regardless of whether you choose process engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering or another discipline — as an engineer, you are always at the forefront of technical progress and make a significant contribution to shaping our future.

Summary of key points:

• Diverse tasks: Engineers work in various areas and industries, from automotive engineering to medical technology to environmental technology. Your daily work is characterized by planning, development, testing and optimization.
• High demand: Engineers are in demand all over the world. The continuous development of technologies and the overcoming of global challenges ensure that the need for qualified engineers does not diminish.
• Attractive career opportunities: From entry to specialization to taking on management positions — engineers have numerous career paths open to them.
• Lifelong learning: Continuous education is crucial to be successful in this dynamic environment. This is the only way you can ensure that you meet current requirements and achieve your professional goals.
• Salary and recognition: Engineers not only enjoy an attractive salary, but also a high reputation in society. Your work has a direct impact on the quality of life and progress in many areas of daily life.

The engineering profession therefore not only offers you an exciting and varied job, but also the opportunity to actively shape the world of tomorrow. If you have technical understanding, creativity and a desire for lifelong learning, this job is just right for you.